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This dictionary is not in the book: it was compiled for the Russian translation from those very
Sanskrit annotations that appear in parentheses next to each Russian word. Selection was necessary:
there are over five thousand annotations, and most often they contain function words —
api “also” two hundred and eight times. What remains here is what the reader stumbles over.
The vocabulary of the hymns is not that of the Parātriśikā-vivaraṇa.
There it is a treatise, and its vocabulary is scholastic. Here it is verse, and the most frequent word of the whole
book is bhakti, devotion: ninety-four times. After it come its taste,
nectar, and worship. Scholastic concepts are also present, but they stand where Utpaladeva
relies on them.
The last column leads to those strophes where the term sounds most densely. The reverse path also exists: the Sanskrit word in the translation’s footnote itself leads here.
The ♪ button pronounces the term. The sound is synthesized in advance from the Devanagari spelling using the voice Lekha (hi_IN) — this is not a recording of a reader and not a reference for pronunciation: be careful with aspirated, retroflex, and long vowels.
The voice reads according to the rules of Hindi, and Hindi swallows the final short “a”:
शिव he pronounced “śiv”. Therefore, to a word ending in a consonant, a
visarga is appended — and the voice pronounces the nominative case, śivaḥ, by which the word is
named aloud. The only price for this is: at the end a slight aspiration is heard,
which is not present in the spelling above the button.
Voice:
| Term | Sanskrit | Devanāgarī | Meaning | Where in the hymns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Śiva | śiva | शिव | God as the resting side of Reality — the Light of Consciousness, not different from His own Power. In the hymns, not an abstract principle, but the One addressed as “you.” | 4.4 · 5.23 · 10.25 |
| Śaṅkara | śaṅkara | शङ्कर | “creating good” — a name of Śiva that Utpaladeva calls a medicine: this very word on the tongue enters even the hearts of animals (4.13). | 2.4 · 4.4 · 11.12 |
| Śambhu | śambhu | शम्भु | “source of good” — another name of Śiva, the most frequent in the vocative case: śambho, “O Śambhu.” | 2.6 · 3.1 · 4.4 |
| Hara | hara | हर | “the remover” — Śiva as the One who takes away: both the world at the end of time, and the name, form, and movement of every thing (18.14). | 2.14 · 5.20 · 20.3 |
| Bhairava | bhairava | भैरव | the name of the Supreme Lord in Trika: the One who holds the universe, bears it, and draws it back in. Not a “terrifying deity,” but the fullness of Consciousness. | 14.15 |
| Tryambaka | tryambaka | त्र्यम्बक | “three-eyed” — Śiva with a third eye on his forehead. Utpaladeva calls this eye the sole mark of otherworldly majesty (10.6). | 15.16 · 19.17 |
| Śrīkaṇṭha | śrīkaṇṭha | श्रीकण्ठ | “fair-throated” — Śiva, whose throat turns blue from the poison kālakūṭa, drunk for the sake of saving the worlds. | 11.11 |
| Īśvara | īśvara | ईश्वर | Lord: God taken from the side of power and freedom. In Utpaladeva — the One who, at the descent of Power, conducts no inquiry (13.11). | 1.7 · 2.27 · 14.11 |
| Maheśvara | maheśvara | महेश्वर | Great Lord. The word stands both as a name and as an indication that this power depends on nothing. | 2.28 · 4.21 · 10.23 |
| Parameśvara | parameśvara | परमेश्वर | Supreme Lord — the same, but with emphasis on “there is nothing higher.” | 2.29 · 3.4 · 8.12 |
| Nātha | nātha | नाथ | Lord, master, the one to whom one flees. In the vocative (nātha) — the most frequent address of the whole book. | 1.4 · 3.5 · 20.1 |
| Prabhu | prabhu | प्रभु | Lord — God as the ruler; in the vocative prabho. | 1.5 · 3.7 · 4.21 |
| Svāmin | svāmin | स्वामिन् | Lord, master of the house. The word is domestic, and Utpaladeva chooses it where he speaks of himself as a slave and a member of the household. | 1.11 · 2.7 · 3.11 |
| Vibhu | vibhu | विभु | All-pervading: the One for whom there is nowhere to extend, because He is already everywhere. | 1.10 · 3.15 · 5.6 |
| Term | Sanskrit | Devanāgarī | Meaning | Where in the hymns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Devī | devī | देवी | Goddess — the Power of God, taken as His own inseparable aspect. | 1.9 · 5.7 · 14.13 |
| Umā | umā | उमा | name of the Goddess, consort of Śiva; Utpaladeva calls Him umeśa — “Lord of Umā.” | 13.20 |
| Gaurī | gaurī | गौरी | “the bright one” — the same name of the Goddess. Gaurī’s embrace in Utpaladeva is a measure of bliss (14.9). | 14.9 · 20.6 |
| Pārvatī | pārvatī | पार्वती | “daughter of the mountain” — the Goddess as daughter of Himavat. | 14.2 |
| Bhavānī | bhavānī | भवानी | the Goddess as “wife of Bhava”; in Utpaladeva — the mother, while Śiva is the father (19.17). | 18.2 · 19.17 |
| Term | Sanskrit | Devanagari | Meaning | Where in the hymns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bhakti | bhakti | भक्ति | devotion — the main word of this book (94 times). For Utpaladeva it is not a feeling accompanying faith, but an independent path: higher than knowledge and yoga, and its fruit is itself. | 1.1 · 14.10 · 16.24 |
| Bhakta | bhakta | भक्त | devotee — one who walks this path. In the hymns he laughs and weeps, and both come from the same source. | 1.14 · 5.13 · 9.12 |
| Rasa | rasa | रस | juice, taste: that by which a thing is taken onto the tongue. For Utpaladeva devotion is precisely tasted, not performed. | 1.5 · 2.22 · 17.5 |
| Āsvāda | āsvāda | आस्वाद | tasting — the act itself: to taste, not to reason. | 1.11 · 3.6 · 7.5 |
| Amṛta | amṛta | अमृत | nectar of immortality. In the hymns it flows from everywhere: from Śiva's body, from the name, from tears. | 2.25 · 4.14 · 13.17 |
| Sudhā | sudhā | सुधा | the same nectar under another word; most often — "nectar of devotion." | 1.2 · 5.4 · 10.13 |
| Pīyūṣa | pīyūṣa | पीयूष | and this too is nectar — the third word of the same series. Utpaladeva runs through them as one savors a taste. | 1.5 · 5.18 · 14.1 |
| Āsava | āsava | आसव | intoxicating drink. The word is chosen deliberately: for Utpaladeva devotion does not calm, it intoxicates. | 1.5 · 4.18 · 9.15 |
| Mada | mada | मद | intoxication, inebriation — the state produced by this drink. | 5.5 · 7.8 · 14.8 |
| Unmāda | unmāda | उन्माद | madness, frenzy: intoxication carried to the point where a man dances and cries out amid the world. | 1.5 · 13.8 · 15.4 |
| Camatkāra | camatkāra | चमत्कार | the thrill of recognition — a flash in which consciousness tastes itself. | 5.15 · 13.14 |
| Ānanda | ānanda | आनन्द | bliss — not pleasure, but the fullness of Consciousness content with itself. | 1.6 · 2.22 · 3.6 |
| Harṣa | harṣa | हर्ष | joy, exultation — that which makes the devotee's hairs stand on end. | 9.10 · 10.7 · 16.23 |
| Utsava | utsava | उत्सव | festival. For Utpaladeva worship is not a rite but precisely a festival, and this word recurs some twenty times. | 4.12 · 9.5 · 12.22 |
| Term | Sanskrit | Devanāgarī | Meaning | Where in the hymns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pūjā | pūjā | पूजा | worship, service to the deity. The seventeenth hymn is entirely about it: for the devotee it proceeds both in sleep and in delusion. | 7.8 · 9.2 · 17.29 |
| Arcanā | arcanā | अर्चना | the same worship under another word; it stands more often where the action itself is meant. | 1.18 · 11.5 · 12.23 |
| Upacāra | upacāra | उपचार | ritual service: offering water, a flower, a lamp. In the devotee, says Utpaladeva, these services are replaced by taste (17.40). | 15.3 · 17.40 |
| Japa | japa | जप | repetition of a mantra in a low voice. In 3.17 Śiva Himself shows by the beads that the whisperer and the Whispered-to are one. | 3.17 · 5.23 |
| Dhyāna | dhyāna | ध्यान | contemplation. In Utpaladeva it yields to touch: the festival of meeting is attained “by the rejection of the labour of contemplation” (17.4). | 3.9 · 11.13 · 13.6 |
| Namas | namas | नमस् | “bow” — the word with which almost every stanza of the second hymn ends. | 2.29 · 3.1 · 20.10 |
| Stuti | stuti | स्तुति | praise, hymn. The very word stotra in the title of the book is from the same root. | 6.4 · 11.4 · 15.3 |
| Dāsa | dāsa | दास | slave, servant. Utpaladeva constantly calls himself this — and for him it is not abasement but a title. | 3.15 · 4.3 · 5.14 |
| Term | Sanskrit | Devanagari | Meaning | Where in the hymns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saṁvid | saṁvid | संविद् | Consciousness — not “my consciousness,” but that single principle by which anything at all exists. | 1.10 · 2.1 · 8.4 |
| Cit | cit | चित् | Consciousness as such, the pure capacity to shine. In the hymns everything is composed of it: cinmaya — “made of Consciousness.” | 2.11 · 3.6 · 5.24 |
| Citta | citta | चित्त | the consciousness of an individual person — that which can be defiled and which one asks to be purified. | 5.6 · 7.1 · 10.11 |
| Manas | manas | मनस् | the mind: that which runs about and which Utpaladeva reproaches for inconstancy. | 1.26 · 3.11 · 4.15 |
| Ātman | ātman | आत्मन् | selfhood, one’s own nature. For Utpaladeva his own self and Śiva are one, and the whole book rests on the fact that this is not seen. | 1.7 · 10.12 · 19.2 |
| Prakāśa | prakāśa | प्रकाश | Light — the side of Reality by which it manifests. Brighter than a thousand suns, and therefore invisible (3.19). | 3.5 · 4.6 · 11.15 |
| Vimarśa | vimarśa | विमर्श | the echo, the self-awareness of Light: “this — I am.” Without it, Light would shine without knowing of itself. | 20.16 |
| Pratibhā | pratibhā | प्रतिभा | illumination — knowledge that comes by itself, without learning or inference. | 12.23 · 18.11 |
| Jñāna | jñāna | ज्ञान | knowledge. For Utpaladeva it is not rejected, but placed below devotion: the highest stage of knowledge is devotion itself (9.9). | 3.12 · 8.2 · 9.9 |
| Kriyā | kriyā | क्रिया | action. Together with knowledge — the two Powers of the Lord; in 20.16 Utpaladeva glorifies precisely the Power of action. | 3.12 · 7.8 · 12.8 |
| Śakti | śakti | शक्ति | the Power of God, His I-Consciousness: the same Reality taken as will and movement. | 2.23 · 11.8 · 12.23 |
| Svātantrya | svātantrya | स्वातन्त्र्य | Absolute Freedom — that which makes the Lord the Lord. According to the introduction to the book, to attain It is to be liberated. | 2.27 · 3.2 |
| Āveśa | āveśa | आवेश | entering, being possessed: the state when that to which one is devoted enters into a person. | 6.5 · 8.6 · 16.6 |
| Vikalpa | vikalpa | विकल्प | discursive thought: that which cuts the one into “this” and “not this.” | 7.3 · 8.3 · 18.19 |
| Nirvikalpa | nirvikalpa | निर्विकल्प | without discursive thought — the state in which a thing is seen before it has been named. | 6.4 · 12.7 · 16.9 |
| Term | Sanskrit | Devanāgarī | Meaning | Where in the hymns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saṁsāra | saṁsāra | संसार | the cycle of births — and at the same time all of ordinary life. For the devotee it becomes a “pond for play” (3.15). | 2.8 · 3.15 · 6.2 |
| Māyā | māyā | माया | The power by which the Lord conceals Himself and manifests the world as separate. Not deception, but measure. | 2.15 · 9.11 · 15.2 |
| Jagat | jagat | जगत् | world, universe — that which moves. | 2.13 · 16.23 · 18.1 |
| Viśva | viśva | विश्व | the universe as a whole; for Utpaladeva it is now fuel for fire, now the offering, now the fire itself (2.2). | 2.2 · 3.3 · 5.26 |
| Bheda | bheda | भेद | difference, separateness — that by which the “great calamity” is upheld (7.1). | 4.7 · 7.1 · 8.4 |
| Advaya | advaya | अद्वय | non-duality: not “everything is one,” but that a second simply does not exist. | 1.14 · 4.17 · 8.5 |
| Tattva | tattva | तत्त्व | principle, level of Reality; there are thirty-six of them — from Śiva down to earth. In 17.11 they are what one worships with. | 1.6 · 2.7 · 3.17 |
| Guṇa | guṇa | गुण | the three threads from which nature is woven: sattva, rajas, tamas. By themselves they are like lumps of earth and dance only when enlivened by the Lord (10.18). | 10.18 · 14.15 · 15.18 |
| Vāsanā | vāsanā | वासना | trace left by past deeds — and at the same time “fragrance.” The whole of stanza 5.19 rests on this double meaning. | 5.19 · 7.5 · 15.18 |
| Mala | mala | मल | dirt, stain: that by which consciousness is closed off from itself. | 4.5 · 15.1 · 18.19 |
| Rāga | rāga | राग | passion, attraction — and at the same time “color.” Utpaladeva uses both senses: his love for Śiva is also rāga. | 1.2 · 3.7 · 5.20 |
| Abhimāna | abhimāna | अभिमान | opinion of oneself, self-conceit. In 18.12 it is offered to Śiva as a sacrificial dish. | 9.13 · 10.19 · 18.12 |
| Duḥkha | duḥkha | दुःख | grief, suffering. For the devotee, joined with steadfastness, it becomes bearable (10.16), or even tasty (16.11). | 1.10 · 11.8 · 13.1 |
| Term | Sanskrit | Devanāgarī | Meaning | Where in the hymns |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upāya | upāya | उपाय | means, path to the goal. The hymns stand apart: devotion here is not a means but the goal itself. | 16.2 · 20.4 |
| Mārga | mārga | मार्ग | road, path. In 20.12 Śaṅkara’s path is defined simply: there, where grief becomes joy. | 1.3 · 2.28 · 4.10 |
| Yoga | yoga | योग | union and the way to attain it. Utpaladeva calls it a deception—the thought that the Lord can be obtained by yoga “sometimes and somewhere” (1.16). | 1.16 · 3.12 · 5.21 |
| Mokṣa | mokṣa | मोक्ष | liberation. For ripe devotion it is merely a name (16.19), and by itself—“meagre” (19.14). | 1.22 · 2.17 · 15.4 |
| Mukti | mukti | मुक्ति | the same liberation in another word; more often where the talk is of a state rather than an event. | 16.19 · 17.34 |
| Siddhi | siddhi | सिद्धि | perfection, superpower—and at the same time “success, what has come true.” Both senses work at once in Utpaladeva. | 9.18 · 17.2 · 19.5 |
| Aṇimā | aṇimā | अणिमा | the power to shrink to an atom—the first of the eight superpowers. In the hymns it stands as an abbreviation for all of them: “aṇimā and so forth.” | 1.25 · 7.9 · 9.18 |
| Śaktipāta | śaktipāta | शक्तिपात | descent of Power: the grace by which the Lord reveals Himself. In 13.11 Utpaladeva asks why no inquiry occurs under it—and this stanza is quoted in full by the Tantrāloka 13.290. | 13.11 |
| Prasāda | prasāda | प्रसाद | grace, favour—and also “clarification”: that by which the murky becomes transparent. | 5.9 · 8.1 · 10.8 |
| Anugraha | anugraha | अनुग्रह | grace as one of the five acts of the Lord; its counterpart is nigraha, punishment. | 11.7 |
| Śaraṇa | śaraṇa | शरण | refuge, protection. “I have come under Your protection”—the last line of the second hymn. | 2.29 · 4.1 |
| Bhāva | bhāva | भाव | thing, being—and the state in which one abides. In Utpaladeva “bhāva” means now one, now the other, and often deliberately both at once. | 1.19 · 6.5 · 12.28 |
| Vapus | vapus | वपुस् | body, form. Śiva’s body in the hymns is not an image for contemplation but that which is touched. | 1.14 · 3.3 · 19.3 |