Inner space exploration institute

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Coloured metalibraries

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In the first lecture of his course “Coloured metalibraries. The mind of space” (Chebyshev Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 2 September 2016, YouTube, in Russian) R. Mikhailov describes a “rapacious spectral sequence”: take the E² page of a coloured metalibrary and let it “eat itself as fast as possible, constrained only by colour”. For the 3-torsion of the homotopy groups πₙ(S²) the lecture predicts that π₄₈ has none and that every πₙ with 49 ≤ n ≤ 149 has some. In our recomputation the metalibrary is a set of admissible words in the letters λᵢ and μᵢ of the mod-3 lambda algebra of Ivanov, Mikhailov and Wu, and the colour of a word is the number of μ’s in it.

We computed the coloured E² page up to π₁₅₀. The colour turned out to be the number of Bocksteins (the Q-weight) in the unstable Ext; this was checked cell by cell against a direct computation in the lambda algebra up to π₇₅, and selectively up to π₈₅. The rapacious rule with colour +1 agrees with Toda’s table for all n ≤ 48, including π₄₄ = 0, and reproduces the predictions of the lecture. Beyond π₄₈ it disagrees with Toda’s 2003 table in nineteen groups, from π₄₉ to π₈₀, and leaves more classes in every one of them.

For the first five disagreements — π₄₉, π₅₀, π₅₁, π₅₉ and π₆₀ — the result does not rest on trust in our program. The computation writes certificates; a checker written from scratch, which does not use the code that computed E², verifies them; and Lean 4, a third independent implementation of the same algebra, proves the number of surviving classes as a theorem by computation (native_decide, that is, trusting the Lean compiler). What this does not cover: Toda’s values are quoted, not checked, and the rule itself is our reading of the lecture.

Everything else — the comparison stem by stem, the E² classes, the differentials, the method and the data — is on the site of the recomputation: Coloured metalibrary: a recomputation.